Leshan Giant Buddha
| Leshan Leshan is about 180km south to Chengdu and 20km west to Emeishan, located in the southwest area of Sichuan province. Leshan is a cultural city with a history of more than 3000 years and a mordern city as well. Because of the rapid city development most of the old buildings have been torn down but fortunately the Giant Buddha remains intact. Nowadays,it attracts milions of visitors from home and abroad.
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Located in the Gongga Mountains in western Sichuan, Hailuo Gou is the biggest glacier park in China. Gongga mountains, at the height of 7556 meters above the sea level, called as “the King of the mountains”, is the 11th highest mountains in the world and the highest one in Sichuan Province. In Tibetan the word “Gong” means sovereign and the “Ga” means pure white, therefore the Gongga mountains is regarded as holy and pure mountains by local people. It extends for 30.7 kilometers, and has many geologic features, land forms, rare animals and plants. There are endless ice holes, ice lakes, ice mushrooms, ice doors and ice steps that make up a wonderful ice world.
The ice waterfall reaches a height of 1080 meters, and is 1100 meters in width. In the primeval forest, there are many rare plants such as the Mongolia of Kang Qing, Chinese gooseberry, Gastonia tubers and the bulb of fritillary. There are also many clear hot springs with good curative effects. Hailuogou National Glacier Forest Park is an ancient and magic land that is only 280 km southwest from Chengdu. The park is a glacier-eroded valley on the east slope of the highest peaks area of Mt. Gongga, 7556 meters in altitude. It is an alpine barrack of Hengduan Range, which is the edge of Plateau of Tibet. It boasts three characters: it is the lowest altitude glacier in the same altitude glaciers; with high activity, and with the most integrity of glaciered landform.
These characters make Hailuogou even better than glacier parks in Alaska of United States and Canada. Hailuogou Glacier, formed 16 million years ago, is one of the natural wonders of the world. When you see this glacial formation, you cannot help but marveled at the elaborated handiwork of nature. The vast movement of the earth‘s crust caused the Gongga mountains to thrust upward and the moderate climatic circumstances both created the good conditions of the formation of the modern glacier and simultaneously made large amount of sights of glaciers including ice mushrooms, ice pagoda forest, ice stairs, ice grooves ,ice pearl lake and ice crystal etc.
Located at an altitude of more than 3000m Songpan is a lively and colorful city wigh a long history.
Originally the ancient city of Songpan was built by the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt during the regime of Ming Dynasty. The city of Songpan is divided into two parts, inner city and outside wall. During the early period Songpan was one of the important battle ground for military forces. The frequent contacts between the Han and Tibetan nationality started during the Tang Dynasty, it was also an important economic and trading center for horse and tea exchange between the Han-inhabitated area and Tibetan area.
Songpan, sitting astride the Mingjiang River with the major part on the western bank of the river, is 330 km from Chengdu. The ancient town is best preserved in the area, making it a historical and cultural town subject to Sichuan provincial protection.
Anjin Town, site of the Songpan county government, has a Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) city wall built with stone slabs and blue bricks. Erected beginning in 1378, it was commissioned in 1442. The wall extends 62 km long, composed of interior and exterior walls, and has seven gates. Part of the wall gates remain, including the Northern Gate Arch, which is 6 meters wide, 6.8 meters high and 31.8 meters thick; the Eastern Gate Arch, 6 meters wide, 6.3 meters high and 22 meters thick; and the Southern Gate Arch, 6 meters wide, 8.8 meters high and 30 meters thick.
In terms of the depth, these city gates led others in China during the Ming Dynasty. None of the wall gates of the Palace Museum in Beijing, city wall gates in Nanjing and city wall gates in Xi’an can match them in this regard. They were the crystallization of the wisdom of peoples of the Tibetan, Han, Hui and Qiang ethnic groups.
Boat trips along the Mingjiang River offer a distant view of the ancient town embraced by the Mingshan Mountain. Old-style housing that form a sharp contrast with modern buildings scintillate with the wisdom of Songpan peoples of various ethnic groups, who deem the ancient town “the holy temple” they desire.
Qingcheng Shan Mt. Qingcheng is 17 KM from the Dujiangyan scenery spot. It is a famous mountain in Taoism.
The mountain consists of two parts - the anterior Mt. Qingcheng and the posterior Mt. Qingcheng. The anterior mountain is famous for its beautiful scenery and numerous cultural and historic sites, while the posterior mountain is noted for its paradisiacal scenery, which is primitive and brilliant, gorgeous and mysterious.
Round mountains, surrounding rivers, green peaks into cloud, quiet and deep tracks, etc are characteristic. Thick ancient forest shelter sun; cliff and precipice form a scenic spot; plank road ,small bridge and purl; deep water-eroded cave and thousands pieces of mammary calculus; singing birds and fragrant flowers. Here, the ancient architectures are still well protected; every scenic spot and every thing are ancient, primary, supernatural, beautiful and full of charm.
The most famous scenic sites are the Shangqing Palace, the Jianfu Palace, and the Tianshi Cave.
The Jianfu Palace stands against the cliff under the Zhangren Peak with an extraordinary bearing. The palace was built in the Tang Dynasty and repaired several times in the successive dynasties.
Two kilometers towards the north is the Tianshi Cave, which is the major temple of Mt. Qingcheng. The palace contains wood and stone tablets of past dynasties,including the Tang Xuanzong‘s imperial decree and Yuefei‘s handwriting of Zhuge Liang‘s famous piece Chu Shi Biao.
Shangqing Palace was situated at a high platform. The Shangqing Palace was first built in the Jin Dynasty and the extant temple was built during the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty.
Mt. Qingcheng falls under the humid subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature of Qingcheng Shan is only 15 centigrade, the travelers should take a coat even in the summer.
Adimission fee: RMB 90 (Excluding RMB 70 for the round-trip cable car
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Origin of the name “Jiuzhaigou”
Jiuzhaigou, also called “Yangtong” in ancient times, currently has other names like “Heyao Jiuzhai”, and the ” Jade Sea “. Jiuzhaigou, literally the Nine Village Valley , is hence known for the nine Tibetan villages within its boundary, that is, Panxin, Rize. Yacuo , Panya, Zechawa , Heijiao, Shuzheng, Heye and Zharu.
The area of Jiuzhaigou as well as the upper reaches of the Jialing River and Minjiang River are called the land of Shiqiang (Qiang ethnic minority ) in ancient times, where human activities have been recorded dating back as early as to o the Yin-Shang Period (16th- 11th Century B. C.). According lo The Records of Songpan (vol. I - Rivers and Mountains), the “Jade Sea is 50-odd kilometers to the northeast county, within the territory of Zhongyang Tongfan Tribe. Its valleys are as long as several kilometers with green water and jade-like ripples.” This evidences that the Jade Sea beauty was well known as far back in ancient times.
Distribution and Scenic Features
Jiuzhaigou covers the Shuzheng Valley . Rize Valley and Zechawa Valley that take a “Y” shape, in the Minshan Mountain Range. Inhabited by Tibetans, the nine villages and alpine lakes, affectionately called “Ham”, are like reflecting mirrors or crystal jade blocks inlaid in snow mountains and forests. At the end of Zechawa Valley is the Chang (Long) Lake and the end of Rize Valley are virgin forests. From .south to north, both valleys stretch and meet at Nuorilang. The drop between the two valleys and Shuzheng Valley is over 1,000 meters.
Jiuzhaigou Valley always delights tourists from home and abroad with its emerald lakes, layered waterfalls, colorful forests, snow-clad peaks and Tibetan customs. Its charm lies in the primitive, natural and idyllic beauty of its landscapes.
As a tourist resort it boasts 114 lakes lying downward in an echelon manner, on which are 17 waterfalls, 47 springs, 17 splashing waterfalls, 11 turbulent streams and 5 travertine beaches and 9 Tibetan villages, formulating alpine lake clusters and travertine spots that are rarely seen in China and even in the world. All these scenic sights, set against the backdrop of 92 snowy peaks, create a unqiue natural landscape of high mountains and deep gullies in Jiuzhaigou.
The water, the soul of Jiuzhaigou, is so cystal clear and rich in colors that it has earned the reputation, so well expressed in the saying “Those who have visited Jiuzhaigou will no longer appreciate the water landscape again”, Varying in size and shapes, sparkling with colors in brilliant sunlight, the more than 100 lakes define the waterscapes and form their essence. The unique tourist culture of Jiuzhaigou is captured by the purity of the green water, the reflections in the lakes, the stone mills, the Tibetan villages, the Buddhist sutra-streamers and the folk songs and dances of the Tibetan and the Qiang people. With its 30,000 hectares of virgin forests, Jiuzhaigou is also a botanical and zoological paradise, a habitat of dense conifers and broadleaf trees for such rare and endangered animals as the Giant Panda, the Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey, and the White-Lipped Deer.
Who discovered Jiuzhaigou ?
According to data collected by the World Natural Heritage Organization, there is only one other site similar to Jiuzhaigou in the world: Pretev National Park in Croatia . It has one waterfall with a drop of only 1/12, and the size of its lakes is only 1/3, of that of Jiuzhaigou. What made Pretev National Park most popular than Jiuzhaigou is that it was in Europe and was developed and opened up to worldwide tourism for over 200 years ago. From the 1970s, large scaled development projects were completed, its natural beauty attracting thousands of visitors annually.
In 1992 when officials with. the World Natural Heritage Organization paid their first visit to Jiuzhaigou. the the poured down blocking out the views from Jiuzhaigou Entrance to scenic sights. As they reached Huohua (Spark) Lake site, it suddenly became clear, and sunlight penetrated through the mists, painting out a fascinating rainbow, and presenting fascinating lake views. They were shocked and exhilarated. They bent their knees on the lakeside in appreciation of the nature‘s wonder. According to their memory. Jiuzhaigou was such a natural beauty that they were shocked straight out of their unexpectedness for their admiration of nature‘s extraordinariness of Jiuzhaigou in China. They bent on their knees to show their esteem to the Nature, and express their gratitude to China ,a developing country that offers the world such us a nature‘s rarely and a Fairyland on Earth.
In the 60s of the 20th Century, the horse trail and hillside paths of Jiuzhaigou were the only link between the self-sufficient life of local Tibetans and the outside world. According to the Records of Nanping County - Jade Lake , Jiuzhaigou is within the boundary of Yangtong Tibetan-inhabited area, with valleys as long as several kilometers, where lake water is green and reflects the nearby forest images.
Its virgin forests had not been disturbed until the end of the 1960s when large groups of lumber workers started work at Jiuzhaigou. In 1975,the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry sent a team to Jiuzhaigou for field investigation, who were surprisingly impressed by its natural beauty and immedialely publicized their surveys and comments - Jiuzhaigou collects rich and rare animal and plant resources, and most of all. it is to become a place of scenic interest well-known throughout the world.
After their visit, Professor and Expert of Forestry Wu Zhonglun, president of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, together with officials of Sichuan Forestry Department, visited Jiuzhaigou and completed a fullround investigation. They prepared a document requesting Sichuan People‘s Government and Sichuan Forestry Department lo lake immediate measures for conservation of Jiuzhaigou‘s resources. Sichuan Forestry Department worked out an official document to notify Nanpin County Forestry Bureau that felling could only take place 200 meters away along the Zechawa Valley and Rize Valley . This is the earliest formal measure taken to conserve Jiuzhaigou resources.
In 1977, Sichuan Rare Animal Investigation Team proposed that Nanping While River Nature Reserve be extended to cover the Jiuzhaigou area. In the same year, the Academia Sinica (Chengdu Branch) again stated the significance and necessity for setting up the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve.Furthermore, they reported the matter directly to the Academia Sinica headquarters.Sichuan CPC Committee and Sichuan People‘s Government.
On December 15, 1978. the State Council promulgated a document (Code No. 256),formally announcing that four belts of Jiuzhaigou are listed as the National Nature Rese
Tibet,a pilgrim from far away dusts himself and bursts into tears on putting his hands into Holy River Yarlung Tsangpo, the highest big river in the world flowing with glories from west to east, which is regarded as the geo-suture between Gondwana and Laurasia, two super-continents by geologists, and the ophilite suites here and there along the river are supposed to be remains of Paleozoic Crust.
After great hardship, ancient people from the Subcontinent crossed over Himalayas bristled with snow-capped peaks and found themselves in the vastness of West Tibet, where stands Kang( mountain) Rinboqe(apotheosis). They believed the mountain was the seat of Shiva,their own god while Chinese takes it as Sumeru in Buddhism, the centre of universe, for Buddha Sakyamuni said, “It is a real mandala!”
The run in famous South Tibet Valley witnessed the first Tibetan king descending from the sky. The heavenly boy was green-skinned, web-toed and web-fingered with the eyelids stretching to the bridge of his nose and earlaps touching his shoulders. Tibetan kings’ achievements in culture and military has made a Buddhist nation and Tibetan civilization shines north Himalayas, east to Min Mountains, west to Kashmir and north to Caucasia
The Mother River starts following the tectonic rock-are of Mt. Namjaqbarwa at about 95E – 29N and makes a spectacular U-shaped turning. The great river southwardly cuts through the massive east end of Himalayas into the rich diluvial plain of Northeast Sub-continent and finally into Bengal Bay. Peasants on the delta gaze at the noble water pouring down from the unattainable white heaven and can not help calling in a soft voice: “Bramaputra!”
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